CONSTITUTION
OF INDIA
CONTENTS
ARTICLE
1 Name and territory of
the Union.
2 Admission or
establishment of new States.
2A
[Repealed.]
3 Formation of new
States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States.
4 Laws made under
articles 2 and 3 to provide for the amendment of the First and the Fourth Schedules and
supplemental, incidental and consequential matters.
5 Citizenship at the
commencement of the Constitution.
6 Rights of citizenship
of certain persons who have migrated to India from Pakistan.
7 Rights of citizenship
of certain migrants to Pakistan.
8 Rights of citizenship
of certain persons of Indian origin residing
outside India.
9 Persons voluntarily
acquiring citizenship of a foreign State not to be citizens.
10
Continuance of the rights of citizenship.
11
Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law.
General
12
Definition.
13
Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights.
14 Equality
before law.
15 |
Prohibition of discrimination on
grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth. |
16 |
Equality of opportunity in matters
of public employment. |
17 |
Abolition of Untouchability. |
18 |
Abolition of titles. |
|
Right to Freedom
|
19 |
Protection of certain rights
regarding freedom of speech, etc. |
20 |
Protection in respect of conviction
for offences. |
21 |
Protection of life and personal
liberty. |
22 |
Protection against arrest and
detention in certain cases. |
|
Right against Exploitation
|
23 |
Prohibition of traffic in human
beings and forced labour. |
24 |
Prohibition of employment of
children in factories, etc. |
|
Right to
Freedom of Religion
|
25 |
Freedom of conscience and free
profession, practice and propagation of religion. |
26 |
Freedom to manage religious affairs. |
27 |
Freedom as to payment of taxes for
promotion of any particular religion. |
28 |
Freedom as to attendance at
religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions. |
|
Cultural and Educational Rights
|
29 |
Protection of interests of
minorities. |
30 |
Right of minorities to establish and
administer educational institutions. |
31 |
[Repealed.] |
|
Saving of Certain Laws
|
31A |
Saving of Laws providing for
acquisition of estates, etc. |
31B |
Validation of certain Acts and
Regulations. |
31C |
Saving of laws giving effect to
certain directive principles. |
31D |
[Repealed.] |
|
Right to Constitutional Remedies
|
32 |
Remedies for enforcement of rights
conferred by this Part. |
32A |
[Repealed.] |
33 |
Power of Parliament to modify the
rights conferred by this Part in their application to Forces, etc. |
34 |
Restriction on rights conferred by
this Part while martial law is in force in any area. |
35 |
Legislation to give effect to the
provisions of this Part. |
|
PART IV
|
36 |
Definition. |
37 |
Application of the principles
contained in this Part. |
38 |
State to secure a social order for
the promotion of welfare of the people. |
39 |
Certain principles of policy to be
followed by the State. |
39A |
Equal justice and free legal aid. |
40 |
Organisation of village panchayats. |
41 |
Right to work, to education and to
public assistance in certain cases. |
42 |
Provision for just and humane
conditions of work and maternity relief. |
43 |
Living wage, etc., for workers. |
43A |
Participation of workers in
management of industries. |
44 |
Uniform civil code for the citizens. |
45 |
Provision for free and compulsory
education for children. |
46 |
Promotion of educational and
economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes and other weaker sections. |
47 |
Duty of the State to raise the level
of nutrition and the standard of living and to improve public health. |
48 |
Organisation of agriculture and
animal husbandry. |
48A |
Protection and improvement of
environment and safeguarding of forests and wild life. |
49 |
Protection of monuments and places
and objects of national importance. |
50 |
Separation of judiciary from
executive. |
51 |
Promotion of international peace and
security. |
|
PART IVA
|
51A |
Fundamental duties. |
|
PART V
CHAPTER I.¾-THE EXECUTIVE The President and Vice-President |
52 |
The President of
India.
|
53 |
Executive power
of the Union.
|
54 |
Election of
President.
|
55 |
Manner of
election of President.
|
56 |
Term of office of
President.
|
57 |
Eligibility for
re-election.
|
58 |
Qualifications
for election as President.
|
59 |
Conditions of
President’s office.
|
60 |
Oath or
affirmation by the President.
|
61 |
Procedure for
impeachment of the President.
|
62 |
Time of holding
election to fill vacancy in the office of President and the term of office of person
elected to fill casual vacancy.
|
63 |
The
Vice-President of India.
|
64 |
The
Vice-President to be ex officio Chairman of the Council of States.
|
65 |
The
Vice-President to act as President or to discharge his functions during casual vacancies
in the office, or during the absence, of President.
|
66 |
Election of
Vice-President.
|
67 |
Term of office of
Vice-President.
|
68 |
Time of holding
election to fill vacancy in the office of Vice-President and the term of office of person
elected to fill casual vacancy.
|
69 |
Oath or
affirmation by the Vice-President.
|
70 |
Discharge of
President’s functions in other contingencies.
|
71 |
Matters relating
to, or connected with, the election of a President or Vice-President.
|
72 |
Power of
President to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain
cases.
|
73 |
Extent of
executive power of the Union.
|
|
Council of
Ministers
|
74 |
Council of
Ministers to aid and advise President.
|
75 |
Other provisions
as to Ministers.
|
|
The
Attorney-General for India
|
76 |
Attorney-General
for India.
|
|
Conduct of
Government Business
|
77 |
Conduct of
business of the Government of India.
|
78 |
Duties of Prime
Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.
|
|
CHAPTER II.¾-PARLIAMENT
General
|
79 |
Constitution of
Parliament.
|
80 |
Composition of
the Council of States.
|
81 |
Composition of
the House of the People.
|
82 |
Readjustment
after each census.
|
83 |
Duration of
Houses of Parliament.
|
84 |
Qualification for
membership of Parliament.
|
85 |
Sessions of
Parliament, prorogation and dissolution.
|
86 |
Right of
President to address and send messages to Houses.
|
87 |
Special address
by the President.
|
88 |
Rights of
Ministers and Attorney-General as respects Houses.
|
|
Officers of
Parliament
|
89 |
The Chairman and
Deputy Chairman of the Council of States.
|
90 |
Vacation and
resignation of, and removal from, the office of Deputy Chairman.
|
91 |
Power of the
Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as,
Chairman.
|
92 |
The Chairman or
the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under
consideration.
|
93 |
The Speaker and
Deputy Speaker of the House of the People .
|
94 |
Vacation and
resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
|
95 |
Power of the
Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as,
Speaker.
|
96 |
The Speaker or
the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under
consideration.
|
97 |
Salaries and
allowances of the Chairman and Deputy Chairman and the Speaker and Deputy Speaker.
|
98 |
Secretariat of
Parliament.
|
|
Conduct of
Business
|
99 |
Oath or
affirmation by members.
|
100 |
Voting in Houses,
power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
|
|
Disqualifications
of Members
|
101 |
Vacation of
seats.
|
102 |
Disqualifications
for membership.
|
103 |
Decision on
questions as to disqualifications of members.
|
104 |
Penalty for
sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article
99 or when not
qualified or when disqualified.
|
|
Powers,
Privileges and Immunities of Parliament and its Members
|
105 |
Powers,
privileges, etc., of the Houses of Parliament and of the members and committees thereof.
|
106 |
Salaries and
allowances of members.
|
|
Legislative
Procedure
|
107 |
Provisions as to
introduction and passing of Bills.
|
108 |
Joint sitting of
both Houses in certain cases.
|
109 |
Special procedure
in respect of Money Bills.
|
110 |
Definition of
“Money Bills”.
|
111 |
Assent to Bills.
|
|
Procedure in
Financial Matters
|
112 |
Annual financial
statement.
|
113 |
Procedure in
Parliament with respect to estimates.
|
114 |
Appropriation
Bills.
|
115 |
Supplementary,
additional or excess grants.
|
116 |
Votes on account,
votes of credit and exceptional grants.
|
117 |
Special
provisions as to financial Bills.
|
|
Procedure
Generally
|
118 |
Rules of
procedure.
|
119 |
Regulation by law
of procedure in Parliament in relation to financial business.
|
120 |
Language to be
used in Parliament.
|
121 |
Restriction on
discussion in Parliament.
|
122 |
Courts not to
inquire into proceedings of Parliament.
|
|
CHAPTER III.¾LEGISLATIVE POWERS OF THE PRESIDENT
|
123 |
Power of
President to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Parliament.
|
|
CHAPTER IV.¾ THE UNION JUDICIARY
|
124 |
Establishment and
constitution of Supreme Court.
|
125 |
Salaries, etc.,
of Judges.
|
126 |
Appointment of
acting Chief Justice.
|
127 |
Appointment of
ad hoc judges.
|
128 |
Attendance of
retired Judges at sittings of the Supreme Court.
|
129 |
Supreme Court to
be a court of record.
|
130 |
Seat of Supreme
Court.
|
131 |
Original
jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
|
131A |
[Repealed.]
|
132 |
Appellate
jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in certain cases.
|
133 |
Appellate
jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from High Courts in regard to Civil matters.
|
134 |
Appellate
jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters.
|
134A |
Certificate for
appeal to the Supreme Court.
|
135 |
Jurisdiction and
powers of the Federal Court under existing law to be exercisable by the Supreme Court.
|
136 |
Special leave to
appeal by the Supreme Court.
|
137 |
Review of
judgments or orders by the Supreme Court.
|
138 |
Enlargement of
the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.
|
139 |
Conferment on the
Supreme Court of powers to issue certain writs.
|
139A |
Transfer of
certain cases.
|
140 |
Ancillary powers
of Supreme Court.
|
141 |
Law declared by
Supreme Court to be binding on all courts.
|
142 |
Enforcement of
decrees and orders of Supreme Court and orders as to discovery, etc.
|
143 |
Power of
President to consult Supreme Court.
|
144 |
Civil and
judicial authorities to act in aid of the Supreme Court.
|
144A |
[Repealed.]
|
145 |
Rules of Court,
etc.
|
146 |
Officers and
servants and the expenses of the Supreme Court.
|
147 |
Interpretation.
|
|
CHAPTER V.¾ COMPTROLLER AND AUDITOR-GENERAL OF INDIA
|
148 |
Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India.
|
149 |
Duties and powers
of the Comptroller and Auditor-General.
|
150 |
Form of accounts
of the Union and of the States.
|
151 |
Audit reports.
|
|
PART VI
CHAPTER I.¾ GENERAL |
152 |
Definition.
|
|
CHAPTER II.¾ THE EXECUTIVE
The Governor
|
153 |
Governors of
States.
|
154 |
Executive power
of State.
|
155 |
Appointment of
Governor.
|
156 |
Term of office of
Governor.
|
157 |
Qualifications
for appointment as Governor.
|
158 |
Conditions of
Governor’s office
|
159 |
Oath or
affirmation by the Governor.
|
160 |
Discharge of the
functions of the Governor in certain contingencies.
|
161 |
Power of Governor
to grant pardons, etc., and to suspend, remit or commute sentences in certain cases.
|
162 |
Extent of
executive power of State.
|
|
Council of
Ministers
|
163 |
Council of
Ministers to aid and advise Governor.
|
164 |
Other provisions
as to Ministers.
|
|
The
Advocate-General for the State
|
165 |
Advocate-General
for the State.
|
|
Conduct of
Government Business
|
166 |
Conduct of
business of the Government of a State.
|
167 |
Duties of Chief
Minister as respects the furnishing of information to Governor, etc.
|
|
CHAPTER III.¾THE STATE LEGISLATURE
General |
168 |
Constitution of
Legislatures in States.
|
169 |
Abolition or
creation of Legislative Councils in States.
|
170 |
Composition of
the Legislative Assemblies.
|
171 |
Composition of
the Legislative Councils.
|
172 |
Duration of State
Legislatures.
|
173 |
Qualification for
membership of the State Legislature.
|
174 |
Sessions of the
State Legislature, prorogation and dissolution.
|
175 |
Right of Governor
to address and send messages to the House or Houses.
|
176 |
Special address
by the Governor.
|
177 |
Rights of
Ministers and Advocate-General as respects the Houses.
|
|
Officers of the
State Legislature
|
178 |
The Speaker and
Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly.
|
179 |
Vacation and
resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Speaker
and Deputy Speaker.
|
180 |
Power of the
Deputy Speaker or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as,
Speaker.
|
181 |
The Speaker or
the Deputy Speaker not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under
consideration.
|
182 |
The Chairman and
Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council.
|
183 |
Vacation and
resignation of, and removal from, the offices of Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
|
184 |
Power of the
Deputy Chairman or other person to perform the duties of the office of, or to act as,
Chairman.
|
185 |
The Chairman or
the Deputy Chairman not to preside while a resolution for his removal from office is under
consideration.
|
186 |
Salaries and
allowances of the Speaker and Deputy Speaker and the Chairman and Deputy Chairman.
|
187 |
Secretariat of
State Legislature.
|
|
Conduct of
Business
|
188 |
Oath or
affirmation by members.
|
189 |
Voting in Houses,
power of Houses to act notwithstanding vacancies and quorum.
|
|
Disqualifications
of Members
|
190 |
Vacation of
seats.
|
191 |
Disqualifications
for membership.
|
192 |
Decision on
questions as to disqualifications of members.
|
193 |
Penalty for
sitting and voting before making oath or affirmation under article 188 or when not
qualified or when disqualified.
|
|
Powers,
privileges and immunities of State Legislatures and their Members
|
194 |
Powers,
privileges, etc., of the Houses of Legislatures and of the members and committees thereof.
|
195 |
Salaries and
allowances of members.
|
|
Legislative
Procedure
|
196 |
Provisions as to
introduction and passing of Bills.
|
197 |
Restriction on
powers of Legislative Council as to Bills other than Money Bills.
|
198 |
Special procedure
in respect of Money Bills.
|
199 |
Definition of
“Money Bills”.
|
200 |
Assent to Bills.
|
201 |
Bills reserved for
consideration.
|
|
Procedure in
Financial Matters
|
202 |
Annual financial
statement.
|
203 |
Procedure in
Legislature with respect to estimates.
|
204 |
Appropriation
Bills.
|
205 |
Supplementary,
additional or excess grants.
|
206 |
Votes on account,
votes of credit and exceptional grants.
|
207 |
Special
provisions as to financial Bills.
|
|
Procedure
Generally
|
208 |
Rules of
procedure.
|
209 |
Regulation by law
of procedure in the Legislature of the State in relation to financial business.
|
210 |
Language to be
used in the Legislature.
|
211 |
Restriction on
discussion in the Legislature.
|
212 |
Courts not to
inquire into proceedings of the Legislature.
|
|
CHAPTER IV.¾- LEGISLATIVE POWER OF THE GOVERNOR
|
213 |
Power of Governor
to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
|
|
CHAPTER V---THE HIGH COURTS IN THE STATES
|
214 |
High Courts for
States.
|
215 |
High Courts to be
courts of record.
|
216 |
Constitution of
High Courts.
|
217 |
Appointment and
conditions of the office of a Judge of a High Court.
|
218 |
Application of
certain provisions relating to Supreme Court to High Courts.
|
219 |
Oath or
affirmation by Judges of High Courts.
|
220 |
Restriction on
practice after being a permanent Judge.
|
221 |
Salaries, etc.,
of Judges.
|
222 |
Transfer of a
Judge from one High Court to another.
|
223 |
Appointment of
acting Chief Justice.
|
224 |
Appointment of
additional and acting Judges.
|
224A |
Appointment of
retired Judges at sittings of High Courts.
|
225 |
Jurisdiction of
existing High Courts.
|
226 |
Power of High
Courts to issue certain writs.
|
226A |
[Repealed..]
|
227 |
Power of
superintendence over all courts by the High Court.
|
228 |
Transfer of
certain cases to High Court.
|
228A |
[Repealed.]
|
229 |
Officers and
servants and the expenses of High Courts.
|
230 |
Extension of
jurisdiction of High Courts to Union territories.
|
231 |
Establishment of
a common High Court for two or more States.
|
|
CHAPTER VI¾SUBORDINATE COURTS
|
233 |
Appointment of
district judges.
|
233A |
Validation of
appointments of, and judgments, etc., delivered by, certain district judges.
|
234 |
Recruitment of
persons other than district judges to the judicial service.
|
235 |
Control over
subordinate courts.
|
236 |
Interpretation.
|
237 |
Application of
the provisions of this Chapter to certain class or classes of magistrates.
|
|
PART VII
|
238 |
[Repealed.]
|
|
PART VIII
|
239 |
Administration of
Union territories.
|
239A
|
Creation of local
Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for certain Union territories.
|
239A |
Special
provisions with respect to Delhi.
|
239AA |
Provision in case
of failure of constitutional machinery.
|
239AB |
Power of
administrator to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature.
|
240 |
Power of
President to make regulations for certain Union territories.
|
241 |
High Courts for
Union territories.
|
242 |
[Repealed.]
|
|
PART IX
|
243 |
Definitions.
|
243A |
Gram Sabha.
|
243B |
Constitution of
Panchayats.
|
243C |
Composition of
Panchayats.
|
243D |
Reservation of
seats.
|
243E |
Duration of
Panchayats, etc.
|
243F |
Disqualifications
for membership.
|
243G |
Powers, authority
and responsibilities of Panchayats.
|
243H |
Powers to impose
taxes by, and Funds of, the Panchayats.
|
243-I |
Constitution of
Finance Commission to review financial position.
|
243J |
Audit of accounts
of Pachayats.
|
243K |
Elections to the
Panchayats.
|
243L |
Application to
Union territories.
|
243M |
Part not to apply
to certain areas.
|
243N |
Continuance of
existing laws and Panchayats.
|
243-O |
Bar to
interference by courts in electoral matters.
|
|
PART IXA
|
243P |
Definitions.
|
243Q |
Constitution of
Municipalities.
|
243R |
Composition of
Municipalities.
|
243S |
Constitution and
composition of Wards Committees, etc.
|
243T |
Reservation of
seats.
|
243U |
Duration of
Municipalities, etc.
|
243V |
Disqualifications
for membership.
|
243W |
Powers, authority
and responsibilities of Municipalities, etc.
|
243X. |
Power to impose
taxes by, and Funds of, the Municipalities.
|
243 |
Finance
Commission.
|
243Z |
Audit of accounts
of Municipalities.
|
243ZA |
Elections to the
Municipalities.
|
243ZB |
Application to
Union territories.
|
243ZC |
Part not to apply
to certain areas.
|
243ZD |
Committee for
district planning.
|
243ZE |
Committee for
Metropolitan planning.
|
243ZF |
Continuance of
existing laws and Municipalities.
|
243ZG |
Bar to
interference by Courts in electoral matters.
|
|
PART X
|
244 |
Administration of
Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.
|
244A |
Formation of an
autonomous State comprising certain tribal areas in Assam and creation of local
Legislature or Council of Ministers or both therefor.
|
|
PART XI
RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNION AND THE STATES CHAPTER I.¾LEGISLATIVE
RELATIONS Distribution of Legislative Powers
|
245 |
Extent of laws
made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
|
246 |
Subject-matter of
laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States.
|
247 |
Power of
Parliament to provide for the establishment of certain additional courts.
|
248 |
Residuary powers
of legislation.
|
249 |
Power of
Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the national
interest.
|
250 |
Power of
Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a Proclamation of
Emergency is in operation.
|
251 |
Inconsistency
between laws made by Parliament under articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the
Legislatures of States.
|
252 |
Power of
Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation
by any other State.
|
253 |
Legislation for
giving effect to international agreements.
|
254 |
Inconsistency
between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the Legislatures of States.
|
255 |
Requirements as
to recommendations and previous sanctions to be regarded as matters of procedure only.
|
|
CHAPTER II.¾ ADMINISTRATIVE
RELATIONS
General
|
256 |
Obligation of
States and the Union.
|
257 |
Control of the
Union over States in certain cases.
|
257A |
[Repealed.]
|
258 |
Power of the
Union to confer powers, etc., on States in certain cases.
|
258A |
Power of the
States to entrust functions to the Union.
|
259 |
[Repealed.]
|
260 |
Jurisdiction of
the Union in relation to territories outside India.
|
261 |
Public acts,
records and judicial proceedings.
|
|
Disputes relating
to Waters
|
262 |
Adjudication of
disputes relating to waters of inter-State
rivers or river valleys.
|
|
Co-ordination
between States
|
263 |
Provisions with
respect to an inter-State Council.
|
|
PART XII
FINANCE, PROPERTY, CONTRACTS AND
SUITS CHAPTER I.¾FINANCE General
|
264 |
Interpretation.
|
265 |
Taxes not to be
imposed save by authority of law.
|
266 |
Consolidated
Funds and public accounts of India and of the States.
|
267 |
Contingency Fund.
|
|
Distribution of
Revenues between the Union and the States
|
268 |
Duties levied by
the Union but collected and appropriated by the State.
|
269 |
Taxes levied and
collected by the Union but assigned to the States.
|
270 |
Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States.
|
271 |
Surcharge on
certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union.
|
272 |
[Repealed.]
|
273 |
Grants in lieu of
export duty on jute and jute products.
|
274 |
Prior
recommendation of President required to Bills affecting taxation in which States are
interested.
|
275 |
Grants from the
Union to certain States.
|
276 |
Taxes on
professions, trades, callings and employments.
|
277 |
Savings.
|
278 |
[Repealed.]
|
279 |
Calculation of “net proceeds”, etc.
|
280 |
Finance
Commission.
|
281 |
Recommendations
of the Finance Commission.
|
|
Miscellaneous
financial provisions
|
282 |
Expenditure
defrayable by the Union or a State out of its revenues.
|
283 |
Custody, etc., of
Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and moneys credited to the public accounts.
|
284 |
Custody of
suitors’ deposits and other moneys
received by public servants and courts.
|
285 |
Exemption of
property of the Union from State taxation.
|
286 |
Restrictions as
to imposition of tax on the sale or purchase of goods.
|
287 |
Exemption from
taxes on electricity.
|
288 |
Exemption from
taxation by States in respect of water or electricity in certain cases.
|
289 |
Exemption of
property and income of a State from Union taxation.
|
290 |
Adjustment in
respect of certain expenses and pensions.
|
290A |
Annual payment to
certain Devaswom Funds.
|
291 |
[Repealed.]
|
|
CHAPTER II.¾ BORROWING
|
292 |
Borrowing by the
Government of India.
|
293 |
Borrowing by
States.
|
|
CHAPTER III.¾ PROPERTY, CONTRACTS, RIGHTS, LIABILITIES,
OBLIGATIONS AND SUITS
|
294 |
Succession to
property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in certain cases.
|
295 |
Succession to
property, assets, rights, liabilities and obligations in other cases.
|
296 |
Property accruing
by escheat or laps or as bona vacantia.
|
297 |
Things of value
within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic
zone to vest in the Union.
|
298 |
Power to carry on
trade, etc.
|
299 |
Contracts.
|
300 |
Suits and
proceedings.
|
|
CHAPTER IV.¾ RIGHT TO PROPERTY
|
300A |
Persons not to be
deprived of property save by authority of law.
|
|
PART XIII
TRADE, COMMERCE AND INTERCOURSE
WITHIN THE TERRITORY OF INDIA |
301 |
Freedom of trade,
commerce and intercourse.
|
302 |
Power of
Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse.
|
303 |
Restrictions on
the legislative powers of the Union and of the States with regard to trade and commerce.
|
304 |
Restrictions on
trade, commerce and intercourse among States.
|
305 |
Saving of
existing laws and laws providing for State monopolies.
|
306 |
[Repealed.]
|
307 |
Appointment of
authority for carrying out the purposes of articles 301 to 304.
|
|
PART XIV
SERVICES UNDER THE UNION AND THE
STATES CHAPTER I.¾ SERVICES |
308 |
Interpretation.
|
309 |
Recruitment and
conditions of service of persons serving the Union or a State.
|
310 |
Tenure of office
of persons serving the Union or a State.
|
311 |
Dismissal,
removal or reduction in rank of persons employed in civil capacities under the Union or a
State.
|
312 |
All-India
services.
|
312A |
Power of
Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain services.
|
313 |
Transitional
provisions.
|
314 |
[Repeated.]
|
|
CHAPTER II.—PUBLIC SERVICE COMMISSIONS
|
315 |
Public Service
Commissions for the Union and for the States.
|
316 |
Appointment and
term of office of members.
|
317 |
Removal and
suspension of a member of a Public Service Commission.
|
318 |
Power to make
regulations as to conditions of service of members and staff of the Commission.
|
319 |
Prohibition as to
the holding of offices by members of Commission on ceasing to be such members.
|
320 |
Functions of
Public Service Commissions.
|
321 |
Power to extend
functions of Public Service Commissions.
|
322 |
Expenses of
Public Service Commissions.
|
323 |
Reports of Public
Service Commissions.
|
|
PART XIVA
|
323A |
Administrative
tribunals.
|
323B |
Tribunals for
other matters.
|
|
PART XV
|
324 |
Superintendence,
direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
|
325 |
No person to be
ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on
grounds of religion, race, caste or sex.
|
326 |
Elections to the
House of the People and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of
adult suffrage.
|
327 |
Power of
Parliament to make provision with respect to elections to Legislatures.
|
328 |
Power of
Legislature of a State to make provision with respect to elections to such Legislature.
|
329 |
Bar to
interference by courts in electoral matters.
|
329A |
[Repealed.]
|
|
PART XVI
|
330 |
Reservation of
seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People.
|
331 |
Representation of
the Anglo-Indian community in the House of the People.
|
332 |
Reservation of
seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the
States.
|
333 |
Representation of
the Anglo-Indian community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States.
|
334 |
Reservation of
seats and special representation to cease after sixty years.
|
335 |
Claims of
Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes to services and posts.
|
336 |
Special provision
for Anglo-Indian community in certain services.
|
337 |
Special provision
with respect to educational grants for the benefit of Anglo-Indian Community.
|
338 |
National
Commission for Scheduled Castes.
|
338A |
National
Commission for Scheduled Tribes.
|
339 |
Control of the
Union over the Administration of Scheduled Areas and the welfare of Scheduled Tribes.
|
340 |
Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of
backward classes.
|
341 |
Scheduled Castes.
|
342 |
Scheduled Tribes.
|
|
PART XVII
CHAPTER I.—LANGUAGE OF THE UNION |
343 |
Official language
of the Union.
|
344 |
Commission and
Committee of Parliament on official language.
|
|
CHAPTER II.¾ REGIONAL LANGUAGES
|
345 |
Official language
or languages of a State.
|
346 |
Official language
for communication between one State and another or between a State and the Union.
|
347 |
Special provision
relating to language spoken by a section of the population of a State.
|
|
CHAPTER III.¾LANGUAGE OF THE SUPREME COURT,
HIGH COURTS, ETC.
|
348 |
Language to be
used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for Acts, Bills, etc.
|
349 |
Special procedure
for enactment of certain laws relating to language.
|
|
CHAPTER IV.¾-SPECIAL DIRECTIVES
|
350 |
Language to be
used in representations for redress of grievances.
|
350A |
Facilities for
instruction in mother-tongue at primary stage.
|
350B |
Special Officer
for linguistic minorities.
|
351 |
Directive for development of the Hindi language. |
|
PART XVIII
|
352 |
Proclamation of
Emergency.
|
353 |
Effect of
Proclamation of Emergency.
|
354 |
Application of
provisions relating to distribution of revenues while a Proclamation of Emergency is in
operation.
|
355 |
Duty of the Union
to protect States against external aggression and internal disturbance.
|
356 |
Provisions in
case of failure of constitutional machinery in States.
|
357 |
Exercise of
legislative powers under Proclamation issued under article 356.
|
358 |
Suspension of provisions of article 19 during emergencies.
|
359 |
Suspension of the
enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III during emergencies.
|
359A |
[Repealed.]
|
360 |
Provisions as to
financial emergency.
|
|
PART XIX
MISCELLANEOUS
|
361 |
Protection of
President and Governors and Rajprakukhs.
|
361A |
Protection of
publication of proceedings of Parliament and State Legislatures.
|
361B |
Disqualification
for appointment on remunerative political post.
|
362 |
[Repealed.]
|
363 |
Bar to
interference by courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
|
363A |
Recognition
granted to Rulers of Indian States to cease and privy purses to be abolished.
|
364 |
Special
provisions as to major ports and aerodromes.
|
365 |
Effect of failure
to comply with, or to give effect to, directions given by the Union.
|
366 |
Definitions.
|
367 |
Interpretation.
|
|
PART XX
|
368 |
Power of
Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor.
|
|
|
|
PART XXI
|
369 |
Temporary power
to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they
were matters in the Concurrent List.
|
370 |
Temporary
provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
|
371 |
Special provision
with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat.
|
371A |
Special provision
with respect to the State of Nagaland.
|
371B |
Special provision
with respect to the State of Assam.
|
371C |
Special provision
with respect to the State of Manipur.
|
371D |
Special
provisions with respect to the State of Andhra Pradesh.
|
371E |
Establishment of
Central University in Andhra Pradesh.
|
371F |
Special
provisions with respect to the State of Sikkim.
|
371G |
Special provision
with respect to the State of Mizoram.
|
371H |
Special provision
with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh.
|
371-I |
Special provision
with respect to the State of Goa.
|
372 |
Continuance in
force of existing laws and their adaptation.
|
372A |
Power of the
President to adapt laws.
|
373 |
Power of
President to make order in respect of persons under preventive detention in certain cases.
|
374 |
Provisions as to
Judges of the Federal Court and proceedings pending in the Federal Court or before His
Majesty in Council.
|
375 |
Courts,
authorities and officers to continue to function subject to the provisions of the
Constitution.
|
376 |
Provisions as to
Judges of High Courts.
|
377 |
Provisions as to
Comptroller and Auditor-General of India.
|
378 |
Provisions as to
Public Service Commissions.
|
378A |
Special provision
as to duration of Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly.
|
379-391 |
[Repealed.]
|
392 |
Power of the
President to remove difficulties.
|
|
PART XXII
|
393 |
Short title.
|
394 |
Commencement.
|
394A |
Authoritative
text in the Hindi language.
|
395 |
Repeals.
|
II. —The Union territories.
PART B—[Repealed.]
PART C—Provisions as to the Speaker and the
Deputy Speaker of the House of the
People and the Chairman and the
Deputy Chairman of the Council of
States and the Speaker and the Deputy Speaker
of the
Legislative Assembly and the Chairman and
the Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council
of a State.
PART D— Provisions as to the Judges of the
Supreme Court and of the High Courts.
PART E— Provisions as to the Comptroller and
Auditor-General of India.
THIRD
SCHEDULE— Forms of Oaths or Affirmations.
Allocation of seats in the Council of
States.
Provisions
as to the Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas
and Scheduled Tribes
PART A—General.
PART B—Administration and Control of Scheduled Areas and Scheduled Tribes.
PART C— Scheduled Areas.
PART D—Amendment of the Schedule.
List
I — Union List.
List II— State List.
List III— Concurrent List.
EIGHTH SCHEDULE— Languages.
NINTH SCHEDULE—Validation of certain Acts and
Regulations.
TENTH SCHEDULE— Provisions as to disqualification on
ground of defection.
ELEVENTH SCHEDULE— Powers, authority and responsibilities
of Panchayats.
TWELFTH SCHEDULE— Powers, authority and responsibilities
of Municipalities, etc.
APPENDIX
I—The Constitution (Application to Jammu
and Kashmir) Order, 1954.
APPENDIX II— Re-statement, with reference to the present text of the Constitution, of the exceptions and modifications subject to which the Constitution applies to the State of Jammu and Kashmir.
APPENDIX III—Extracts from the Constitution
(Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978
APPENDIX V—The Constitution (Eighty-eighth
Amendment) Act, 2003.